You can use array_reduce
$arr="[{"playerId":3207,"playerName":"RyanGarbutt","playerPos":"C","playerApiId":"5079"},{"playerId":3238,"playerName":"Max Domi","playerPos":"C","playerApiId":"5412"},{"playerId":3240,"playerName":"AnthonyDuclair","playerPos":"LW","playerApiId":"5441"}]";
$arr = json_decode( $arr, true );
$result = array_reduce( $arr , function( $c, $v ) {
isset( $c[ $v[ "playerPos" ] ] ) ? $c[ $v[ "playerPos" ] ]++ : $c[ $v[ "playerPos" ] ] = 1;
return $c;
}, array() );
echo "<pre>";
print_r( $result );
echo "</pre>";
This will result to:
Array
(
[C] => 2
[LW] => 1
)