How can I store a pattern in a variable in Rust?

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Can patterns be stored in variables somehow?

No. Patterns are a compile-time construct, and variables hold run-time concepts.

Is there a better or more idiomatic way to do this?

Creating a function or method is always a good solution to avoid repeating code. You can then use this as a guard clause:

fn is_whitespace(c: char) -> bool {
    match c {
        ' ' | '\n' | '\t' | '\r' => true,
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn main() {
    let ch=" ";

    match ch {
        x if is_whitespace(x) => println!("whitespace"),
        _ => println!("token"),
    }
}

I’d also strongly recommend using an existing parser, of which there are a multitude, but everyone wants their Rust “hello world” to be parsing, for whatever reason.

A parsing library I use allows writing code akin to this, where whitespace is a function that knows how to parse the valid types of whitespace:

sequence!(pm, pt, {
    _          = literal("if");
    ws         = whitespace;
    _          = literal("let");
    ws         = append_whitespace(ws);
    pattern    = pattern;
    ws         = optional_whitespace(ws);
    _          = literal("=");
    ws         = optional_whitespace(ws);
    expression = expression;
}, |_, _| /* do something with pieces */);

Each of the things on the right-hand side are still individual functions that know how to parse something specific.

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