The best practice to deal with string concatenations is to use StringBuilder
as shown below:
String st="java is awesome";
char[] ch=st.toCharArray();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for(int i=0;i<ch.length;i++) {
if(ch[i] != 'a')
builder.append(ch[i]);
else if(ch[i]=='a')
builder.append(ch[i]).append('#');
}
System.out.println(builder.toString());