MySQL: Get character-set of database or table or column?

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Here’s how I’d do it –

For Schemas (or Databases – they are synonyms):

SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA 
WHERE schema_name = "mydatabasename";

For Tables:

SELECT CCSA.character_set_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` T,
       information_schema.`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA
WHERE CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation
  AND T.table_schema = "mydatabasename"
  AND T.table_name = "tablename";

For Columns:

SELECT character_set_name FROM information_schema.`COLUMNS` 
WHERE table_schema = "mydatabasename"
  AND table_name = "tablename"
  AND column_name = "columnname";

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