Use check_mode, register and failed_when in concert. This fails the task if the lineinfile module would make any changes to the file being checked. Check_mode ensures nothing will change even if it otherwise would.
- name: "Ensure /tmp/my.conf contains '127.0.0.1'"
lineinfile:
name: /tmp/my.conf
line: "127.0.0.1"
state: present
check_mode: yes
register: conf
failed_when: (conf is changed) or (conf is failed)