In your background page you should call
chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs){
chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tabs[0].id, {action: "open_dialog_box"}, function(response) {});
});
instead of using chrome.extension.sendMessage
as you currently do.
The chrome.tabs
variant sends messages to content scripts, whereas the chrome.extension
function sends messages to all other extension components.