Yes, it’s almost the same. The protected modifier specifies that the member can only be accessed within its own package (as with package-private) and, in addition, by a subclass of its class in another package.
I have found this from The Java Tutorials Instance methods can access instance variables and instance methods directly. Instance methods can access class variables and class methods directly. Class methods can access class variables and class methods directly. Class methods cannot access instance variables or instance methods directly—they must use an object reference. Also, class … Read more
A static final int field is a compile-time constant and its value is hardcoded into the destination class without a reference to its origin; therefore your main class does not trigger the loading of the class containing the field; therefore the static initializer in that class is not executed. In specific detail, the compiled bytecode … Read more
I think everyone hammered the point of an interface having only public members, no implementation details. What you are looking for is an abstract class. public interface IOrange { OrangePeel Peel { get; } } public abstract class OrangeBase : IOrange { protected OrangeBase() {} protected abstract OrangePips Seeds { get; } public abstract OrangePeel … Read more
Of course you can: class MyClass { int x_; public: int x() const { return x_; } }; If you don’t want to make a copy (for integers, there is no overhead), do the following: class MyClass { std::vector<double> v_; public: decltype(v)& v() const { return v_; } }; or with C++98: class MyClass { … Read more
internal is for assembly scope (i.e. only accessible from code in the same .exe or .dll) private is for class scope (i.e. accessible only from code in the same class).
Use a single underscore prefix: class _Internal: … This is the official Python convention for ‘internal’ symbols; “from module import *” does not import underscore-prefixed objects. Reference to the single underscore convention.
Utility or helper classes/methods that you would like to access from many other classes within the same assembly, but that you want to ensure code in other assemblies can’t access. From MSDN (via archive.org): A common use of internal access is in component-based development because it enables a group of components to cooperate in a … Read more
The reason this doesn’t work is because C# doesn’t allow cross-hierarchy calling of protected methods. Say there was a class E that also derived from C: C / \ D E Then the reference you’re trying to call the method on could actually be an instance of type E and thus the method could resolve … Read more
I use them if I need to cache a value and want to lazy load it. private string _password; private string Password { get { if (_password == null) { _password = CallExpensiveOperation(); } return _password; } }