Use the ALTER DATABASE and ALTER TABLE commands. ALTER DATABASE databasename CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; ALTER TABLE tablename CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; Or if you’re still on MySQL 5.5.2 or older which didn’t support 4-byte UTF-8, use utf8 instead of utf8mb4: ALTER DATABASE databasename CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci; ALTER TABLE … Read more
If you look at the docs for bytes, it points you to bytearray: bytearray([source[, encoding[, errors]]]) Return a new array of bytes. The bytearray type is a mutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. It has most of the usual methods of mutable sequences, described in Mutable Sequence Types, as … Read more
How do I get a consistent byte representation of strings in C# without manually specifying an encoding?
(Note that I’m using some of these terms loosely/colloquially for a simpler explanation that still hits the key points.) A byte can only have 256 distinct values, being 8 bits. Since there are character sets with more than 256 characters in the character set one cannot in general simply say that each character is a … Read more
Unfortunately, the file.encoding property has to be specified as the JVM starts up; by the time your main method is entered, the character encoding used by String.getBytes() and the default constructors of InputStreamReader and OutputStreamWriter has been permanently cached. As Edward Grech points out, in a special case like this, the environment variable JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS can … Read more
The UTF-8 BOM is a sequence of bytes at the start of a text stream (0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF) that allows the reader to more reliably guess a file as being encoded in UTF-8. Normally, the BOM is used to signal the endianness of an encoding, but since endianness is irrelevant to UTF-8, the BOM is … Read more
This problem plagues the participants of this site, and many others. You have listed the five main cases of CHARACTER SET troubles. Best Practice Going forward, it is best to use CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 and COLLATION utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci. (There is a newer version of the Unicode collation in the pipeline.) utf8mb4 is a superset of utf8 … Read more
What you see is the bytes rendered as ISO-8859-1 or similar. Try setting charset in content-type response.setContentType(“text/html; charset=utf-8″);, include appropriate meta-tag <meta http-equiv=”Content-Type” content=”text/html; charset=utf-8″ /> What are you using to generate that page?