They are equivalent. There is no difference in their usage. You can employ this to print one of the quotation characters: print *, “‘” print *, ‘”‘ prints first ‘ and then “. Note: You can also use two quote characters in a row to print one: print *, “””” print *, ”” prints first … Read more
Follow these steps with Notepad++ 1- Copy the original text 2- In Notepad++, open new file, change Encoding -> pick an encoding you think the original text follows. Try as well the encoding “ANSI” as sometimes Unicode files are read as ANSI by certain programs 3- Paste 4- Then to convert to Unicode by going … Read more
Basically: charset is the set of characters you can use encoding is the way these characters are stored into memory
=C2=A0 represents the bytes C2 A0. Since this is UTF-8, it translates to U+00A0, which is the Unicode for non-breaking space. See UTF-8 (Wikipedia).
Your conclusion that padding is unnecessary is right. It’s always possible to determine the length of the input unambiguously from the length of the encoded sequence. However, padding is useful in situations where base64 encoded strings are concatenated in such a way that the lengths of the individual sequences are lost, as might happen, for … Read more
I was originally using some VBScript code from Antonin Foller: Base64 Encode VBS Function and Base64 Decode VBS Function. Searching Antonin’s site, I saw he had some code for quoted printable encoding, using the CDO.Message object, so I tried that. Finally, I ported the code mentioned in Mark’s answer to VBScript (also used some code … Read more
Q Does a base64 string always end with =? A: No. (the word usb is base64 encoded into dXNi) Q Why does an = get appended at the end? A: As a short answer: The last character (= sign) is added only as a complement (padding) in the final process of encoding a message with … Read more
So what’s the problem, It’s a ’ (RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK – U+2019) character which is being decoded as CP-1252 instead of UTF-8. If you check the encodings table, then you see that this character is in UTF-8 composed of bytes 0xE2, 0x80 and 0x99. If you check the CP-1252 code page layout, then you’ll … Read more
When you have some binary data that you want to ship across a network, you generally don’t do it by just streaming the bits and bytes over the wire in a raw format. Why? because some media are made for streaming text. You never know — some protocols may interpret your binary data as control … Read more
Note: This is some explanation and pseudocode as to how to implement a very trivial server that can handle incoming and outcoming WebSocket messages as per the definitive framing format. It does not include the handshaking process. Furthermore, this answer has been made for educational purposes; it is not a full-featured implementation. Specification (RFC 6455) … Read more