Base64 length calculation?

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Each character is used to represent 6 bits (log2(64) = 6).

Therefore 4 chars are used to represent 4 * 6 = 24 bits = 3 bytes.

So you need 4*(n/3) chars to represent n bytes, and this needs to be rounded up to a multiple of 4.

The number of unused padding chars resulting from the rounding up to a multiple of 4 will obviously be 0, 1, 2 or 3.

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