a simple approach could be
$c = array_map(function () {
return array_sum(func_get_args());
}, $a, $b);
print_r($c);
Or if you could use PHP5.6, you could also use variadic functions like this
$c = array_map(function (...$arrays) {
return array_sum($arrays);
}, $a, $b);
print_r($c);
Output
Array
(
[0] => 11
[1] => 22
[2] => 16
[3] => 18
[4] => 3
)