boost thread throwing exception “thread_resource_error: resource temporarily unavailable”

There’s a limit on the number of threads you can create per process.

On linux, for example,

cat /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max

tells you the current maximum. The default is the number of memory pages/4, so on my system it’s 513785, but it may be much much lower on another box. E.g. on my mail server box (512mb RAM) it’s only 7295.

You could the limit. But in fact that will be useless because the OS can’t schedule them effectively. So, instead, try using a thread pool.

Oh. PS. detach()-ing he threads will help (a lot) with conserving resources. pthreads might be blocking thread creation well before the OS limit is reached because it needs to allocate overhead tracking the active threads. detach frees those up (and removes the error of not joining all threads before program exit).

UPDATE Crazy friday bonus: a thread pool that auto-scales to the number of cores your system has:

#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/phoenix.hpp>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>

using namespace boost;
using namespace boost::phoenix::arg_names;

boost::atomic_size_t counter(0ul);

class thread_pool
{
  private:
      mutex mx;
      condition_variable cv;

      typedef function<void()> job_t;
      std::deque<job_t> _queue;

      thread_group pool;

      boost::atomic_bool shutdown;
      static void worker_thread(thread_pool& q)
      {
          while (auto job = q.dequeue())
              (*job)();
      }

  public:
      thread_pool() : shutdown(false) {
          for (unsigned i = 0; i < boost::thread::hardware_concurrency(); ++i)
              pool.create_thread(bind(worker_thread, ref(*this)));
      }

      void enqueue(job_t job) 
      {
          lock_guard<mutex> lk(mx);
          _queue.push_back(std::move(job));

          cv.notify_one();
      }

      optional<job_t> dequeue() 
      {
          unique_lock<mutex> lk(mx);
          namespace phx = boost::phoenix;

          cv.wait(lk, phx::ref(shutdown) || !phx::empty(phx::ref(_queue)));

          if (_queue.empty())
              return none;

          auto job = std::move(_queue.front());
          _queue.pop_front();

          return std::move(job);
      }

      ~thread_pool()
      {
          shutdown = true;
          {
              lock_guard<mutex> lk(mx);
              cv.notify_all();
          }

          pool.join_all();
      }
};

static constexpr size_t bignumber = 1 << 20;

class myClass 
{
    //unsigned char readbuffer[bignumber];
    //unsigned char writebuffer[bignumber];
    void functiondostuff() { }
    void functiondomorestuff() { }

    thread_pool pool; // uses 1 thread per core

  public:
    void wreak_havoc()
    {
        std::cout << "enqueuing jobs... " << std::flush;
        for(size_t i=0; i<bignumber; ++i)
        {
            functiondostuff();
            for(int j=0; j<2; ++j) {
                functiondomorestuff();
                pool.enqueue(bind(&myClass::myFunction, this, j, i));
            }     
        }
        std::cout << "done\n";
    }

  private:
    void myFunction(int i, int j)
    {
        boost::this_thread::sleep_for(boost::chrono::milliseconds(1));
        counter += 1;
    }
};

int main()
{
    myClass instance;
    instance.wreak_havoc();

    size_t last = 0;
    while (counter < (2*bignumber))
    {
        boost::this_thread::sleep_for(boost::chrono::milliseconds(100));
        if ((counter >> 4u) > last)
        {
            std::cout << "Progress: " << counter << "https://stackoverflow.com/" << (bignumber*2) << "\n";
            last = counter >> 4u;
        }
    }
}