Call laravel controller via command line

There is no way so far (not sure if there will ever be). However you can create your own Artisan Command that can do that. Create a command CallRoute using this:

php artisan make:console CallRoute

For Laravel 5.3 or greater you need to use make:command instead:

php artisan make:command CallRoute

This will generate a command class in app/Console/Commands/CallRoute.php. The contents of that class should look like this:

<?php namespace App\Console\Commands;

use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class CallRoute extends Command {

    protected $name="route:call";
    protected $description = 'Call route from CLI';

    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct();
    }

    public function fire()
    {
        $request = Request::create($this->option('uri'), 'GET');
        $this->info(app()['Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel']->handle($request));
    }

    protected function getOptions()
    {
        return [
            ['uri', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'The path of the route to be called', null],
        ];
    }

}

You then need to register the command by adding it to the $commands array in app/Console/Kernel.php:

protected $commands = [
    ...,
    'App\Console\Commands\CallRoute',
];

You can now call any route by using this command:

php artisan route:call --uri=/route/path/with/param

Mind you, this command will return a response as it would be sent to the browser, that means it includes the HTTP headers at the top of the output.