Can I delete[] a pointer that points into an allocated array, but not to the start of it?

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No, it is undefined to pass any address to delete which was not returned by new.
Here is the quote from the Standard.

§ 3.7.4.2-3

If a deallocation function terminates by throwing an exception, the behavior is undefined. The value of the first argument supplied to a deallocation function may be a null pointer value; if so, and if the deallocation function is one supplied in the standard library, the call has no effect. Otherwise, the value supplied
to operator delete(void*) in the standard library shall be one of the values returned by a previous invocation of either operator new(std::size_t) or operator new(std::size_t, const std::nothrow_-t&) in the standard library, and the value supplied to operator delete[](void*) in the standard library shall be one of the values returned by a previous invocation of either operator new[](std::size_t) or
operator new[](std::size_t, const std::nothrow_t&) in the standard library.

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