Can I obtain C++ type names in a constexpr way?

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Well, you could, sort of, but probably not quite portable:

struct string_view
{
    char const* data;
    std::size_t size;
};

inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, string_view const& s)
{
    return o.write(s.data, s.size);
}

template<class T>
constexpr string_view get_name()
{
    char const* p = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
    while (*p++ != '=');
    for (; *p == ' '; ++p);
    char const* p2 = p;
    int count = 1;
    for (;;++p2)
    {
        switch (*p2)
        {
        case '[':
            ++count;
            break;
        case ']':
            --count;
            if (!count)
                return {p, std::size_t(p2 - p)};
        }
    }
    return {};
}

And you can define your desired type_name_length as:

template <typename T>
constexpr auto type_name_length = get_name<T>().size;

DEMO (works for clang & g++)

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