Can LINQ be used in PowerShell?

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The problem with your code is that PowerShell cannot decide to which specific delegate type the ScriptBlock instance ({ ... }) should be cast.
So it isn’t able to choose a type-concrete delegate instantiation for the generic 2nd parameter of the Where method. And it also does’t have syntax to specify a generic parameter explicitly. To resolve this problem, you need to cast the ScriptBlock instance to the right delegate type yourself:

$data = 0..10
[System.Linq.Enumerable]::Where($data, [Func[object,bool]]{ param($x) $x -gt 5 })

Why does [Func[object, bool]] work, but [Func[int, bool]] does not?

Because your $data is [object[]], not [int[]], given that PowerShell creates [object[]] arrays by default; you can, however, construct [int[]] instances explicitly:

$intdata = [int[]]$data
[System.Linq.Enumerable]::Where($intdata, [Func[int,bool]]{ param($x) $x -gt 5 })

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