can only concatenate str (not “bytes”) to str

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A str is an abstract sequence of Unicode code points; a bytes is a sequence of 8-bit numbers. Python 3 made the distinction between the two very clear and does not allow you to combine them implicitly. A str may have several valid encodings, and a bytes object may or may not be the encoding of a valid Unicode string. (Or, the bytes could be the encoding of multiple different str objects depending on the encoding used to create it.)

'GET ' and user_url are str objects, while ' HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n'.encode() is a bytes object. You want to encode the entire concatenated string instead.

cmd = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n'.format(user_url).encode()

Or perhaps written to show the steps more clearly,

cmd = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n'.format(user_url)  # still a str
mysock.send(cmd.encode())  # send the encoding of the str

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