By default you cannot run on a chrome://
url page.
However, there is an option in chrome://flags/#extensions-on-chrome-urls
:
Extensions on chrome:// URLs (Mac, Windows, Linux, Chrome OS, Android)
Enables running extensions on chrome:// URLs, where extensions explicitly request this permission.
You still have to specify pages that your extension can run on and wildcards are not accepted – so you have to specify the full URL eg chrome://extensions/