Combine framework: how to process each element of array asynchronously before proceeding

With your latest edit and this comment below:

I literally am asking is there a Combine equivalent of “don’t proceed to the next step until this step, involving multiple asynchronous steps, has finished”

I think this pattern can be achieved with .flatMap to an array publisher (Publishers.Sequence), which emits one-by-one and completes, followed by whatever per-element async processing is needed, and finalized with a .collect, which waits for all elements to complete before proceeding

So, in code, assuming we have these functions:

func getFoos() -> AnyPublisher<[Foo], Error>
func getPartials(for: Foo) -> AnyPublisher<[Partial], Error>
func getMoreInfo(for: Partial, of: Foo) -> AnyPublisher<MoreInfo, Error>

We can do the following:

getFoos()
.flatMap { fooArr in 
    fooArr.publisher.setFailureType(to: Error.self)
 }

// per-foo element async processing
.flatMap { foo in

  getPartials(for: foo)
    .flatMap { partialArr in
       partialArr.publisher.setFailureType(to: Error.self)
     }

     // per-partial of foo async processing
    .flatMap { partial in

       getMoreInfo(for: partial, of: foo)
         // build completed partial with more info
         .map { moreInfo in
            var newPartial = partial
            newPartial.moreInfo = moreInfo
            return newPartial
         }
     }
     .collect()
     // build completed foo with all partials
     .map { partialArr in
        var newFoo = foo
        newFoo.partials = partialArr
        return newFoo
     }
}
.collect()

(Deleted the old answer)