Convert integer to binary array with suitable padding

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You should be able to vectorize this, something like

>>> d = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> m = 8
>>> (((d[:,None] & (1 << np.arange(m)))) > 0).astype(int)
array([[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

which just gets the appropriate bit weights and then takes the bitwise and:

>>> (1 << np.arange(m))
array([  1,   2,   4,   8,  16,  32,  64, 128])
>>> d[:,None] & (1 << np.arange(m))
array([[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

There are lots of ways to convert this to 1s wherever it’s non-zero (> 0)*1, .astype(bool).astype(int), etc. I chose one basically at random.

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