Could not find artifact com.sun:tools:jar:0

tools.jar removed from Java 9+

You’re on JDK 11. No tools.jar found there.

JEP 220: Modular Run-Time Images removed both tools.jar and rt.jar from the lib folder, as of Java 9.

Removed: rt.jar and tools.jar

The class and resource files previously stored in lib/rt.jar,
lib/tools.jar, lib/dt.jar, and various other internal JAR files are
now stored in a more efficient format in implementation-specific files
in the lib directory. The format of these files is not specified and
is subject to change without notice.

This change is part of adding the Java Platform Module System, a.k.a. Project Jigsaw.

To upgrade Checkstyle, use later versions, such as:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.puppycrawl.tools</groupId>
            <artifactId>checkstyle</artifactId>
            <version>8.18</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</plugin>

Notice the inner dependency block.

Consult a Maven repo for versions of Apache Maven Checkstyle Plugin and of Checkstyle.

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