dataframe to long format

by

You can use melt:

print pd.melt(df,id_vars=['state'],var_name="year", value_name="unemployment")

   state  year  unemployment
0     AL  2004           5.7
1     AK  2004           7.5
2     AZ  2004           5.0
3     AR  2004           5.7
4     CA  2004           6.2
5     AL  2005           4.5
6     AK  2005           6.9
7     AZ  2005           4.7
8     AR  2005           5.2
9     CA  2005           5.4
10    AL  2006           4.0
11    AK  2006           6.6
12    AZ  2006           4.2
13    AR  2006           5.2
14    CA  2006           4.9
15    AL  2007           4.0
16    AK  2007           6.3
17    AZ  2007           3.9
18    AR  2007           5.3
19    CA  2007           5.4
20    AL  2008           5.7
21    AK  2008           6.7
22    AZ  2008           6.2
23    AR  2008           5.5
24    CA  2008           7.3
25    AL  2009          11.0
26    AK  2009           7.7
27    AZ  2009           9.9
28    AR  2009           7.8
29    CA  2009          11.2
30    AL  2010          10.5
31    AK  2010           7.9
32    AZ  2010          10.4
33    AR  2010           8.2
34    CA  2010          12.2
35    AL  2011           9.6
36    AK  2011           7.6
37    AZ  2011           9.5
38    AR  2011           8.3
39    CA  2011          11.7
40    AL  2012           8.0
41    AK  2012           7.1
42    AZ  2012           8.3
43    AR  2012           7.6
44    CA  2012          10.4
45    AL  2013           7.2
46    AK  2013           6.9
47    AZ  2013           7.7
48    AR  2013           7.3
49    CA  2013           8.9
50    AL  2014           6.8
51    AK  2014           6.9
52    AZ  2014           6.8
53    AR  2014           6.1
54    CA  2014           7.5
55    AL  2015           6.1
56    AK  2015           6.5
57    AZ  2015           6.1
58    AR  2015           5.2
59    CA  2015           6.2

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