figure of imshow() is too small

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If you don’t give an aspect argument to imshow, it will use the value for image.aspect in your matplotlibrc. The default for this value in a new matplotlibrc is equal.
So imshow will plot your array with equal aspect ratio.

If you don’t need an equal aspect you can set aspect to auto

imshow(random.rand(8, 90), interpolation='nearest', aspect="auto")

which gives the following figure

imshow-auto

If you want an equal aspect ratio you have to adapt your figsize according to the aspect

fig, ax = subplots(figsize=(18, 2))
ax.imshow(random.rand(8, 90), interpolation='nearest')
tight_layout()

which gives you:

imshow-equal

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