GCC fatal error: stdio.h: No such file or directory

macOS

I had this problem too (encountered through Macports compilers). Previous versions of Xcode would let you install command line tools through xcode/Preferences, but xcode5 doesn’t give a command line tools option in the GUI, that so I assumed it was automatically included now. Try running this command:

xcode-select --install

If you see an error message that developer tools are already installed (and still header files can’t be found), wipe out any existing one to do a fresh installation:

sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools

Ubuntu

(as per this answer)

sudo apt-get install libc6-dev

Alpine Linux

(as per this comment)

apk add libc-dev

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