get the application’s resources languages

It’s complicated because even if you have a folder named values-de it doesn’t mean you have any resources there. If you have string.xml in values-de it doesn’t mean you have string value there.

values:

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">LocTest</string>
    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
    <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
</resources>

values-de:

<resources>
    <string name="hello_world">Hallo Welt!</string>
</resources>

You can test if a resource for a specific locale is different than the default:

DisplayMetrics metrics = new DisplayMetrics();
getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(metrics);
Resources r = getResources();
Configuration c = r.getConfiguration();
String[] loc = r.getAssets().getLocales();
for (int i = 0; i < loc.length; i++) {
    Log.d("LOCALE", i + ": " + loc[i]);

    c.locale = new Locale(loc[i]);
    Resources res = new Resources(getAssets(), metrics, c);
    String s1 = res.getString(R.string.hello_world);
    c.locale = new Locale("");
    Resources res2 = new Resources(getAssets(), metrics, c);
    String s2 = res2.getString(R.string.hello_world);

    if(!s1.equals(s2)){
        Log.d("DIFFERENT LOCALE", i + ": "+ s1+" "+s2 +" "+ loc[i]);
    }
}

It has one fault – you can check one value whether it has translation.

The dirty code above will print something like:

LOCALE(5667): 51: en_NZ LOCALE(5667): 52: uk_UA LOCALE(5667): 53:
nl_BE LOCALE(5667): 54: de_DE DIFFERENT LOCALE(5667): 54: Hallo Welt!
Hello world! de_DE LOCALE(5667): 55: ka_GE LOCALE(5667): 56: sv_SE
LOCALE(5667): 57: bg_BG LOCALE(5667): 58: de_CH DIFFERENT
LOCALE(5667): 58: Hallo Welt! Hello world! de_CH LOCALE(5667): 59:
fr_CH LOCALE(5667): 60: fi_FI

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