You are already selecting the 1 in front of the second zero by the first match.
100001 0001
^^^^^^
This is the first match. The rest is just 0001
which does not match your regex.
You can circumvent this behavior if you are using lookaheads/lookbehinds:
(?<=1)(0*)(?=1)
Because you cannot use lookbehinds in JavaScript, it is enough to only use one lookahead, to prevent the overlapping:
1(0*)(?=1)
And a hint for your regex101
example: You did not add the global flag, which prevents more than one selection.