How do I create a file in python without overwriting an existing file

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Use os.open() with os.O_CREAT and os.O_EXCL to create the file. That will fail if the file already exists:

>>> fd = os.open("x", os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
OSError: [Errno 17] File exists: 'x'

Once you’ve created a new file, use os.fdopen() to turn the handle into a standard Python file object:

>>> fd = os.open("y", os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL)
>>> f = os.fdopen(fd, "w")  # f is now a standard Python file object

Edit: From Python 3.3, the builtin open() has an x mode that means “open for exclusive creation, failing if the file already exists”.

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