These two versions are fundamentally different.
This one:
new (require('./file')).func('r1');
Executes the require, returning the exports of ./file
and then calling the new operator on the results .
This one:
var r2 = new require('./file').func('r2');
Invokes require as a constructor.
Let’s look at a more isolated and simple example:
new Date() // creates a new date object
new (Date()) // throws a TypeError: string is not a function