How does RewriteBase work in .htaccess

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In my own words, after reading the docs and experimenting:

You can use RewriteBase to provide a base for your rewrites. Consider this

# invoke rewrite engine
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteBase /~new/

# add trailing slash if missing
    rewriteRule ^(([a-z0-9\-]+/)*[a-z0-9\-]+)$ $1/ [NC,R=301,L]

This is a real rule I used to ensure that URLs have a trailing slash. This will convert 

http://www.example.com/~new/page

to 

http://www.example.com/~new/page/

By having the RewriteBase there, you make the relative path come off the RewriteBase parameter.

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