How String Comparison happens in Swift

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Swift strings are compared according to the
Unicode Collation Algorithm,
which means that (effectively),

In your example, "hello” and "Hello" have the Unicode values

hello: U+0068, U+0065, U+006C, U+006C, U+006F 
Hello: U+0048, U+0065, U+006C, U+006C, U+006F

and therefore "Hello" < "hello".

The “normalization” or “decomposing” is relevant e.g. for characters
with diacritical marks. As an example, 

a = U+0061
ä = U+00E4
b = U+0062

have the decomposed form

a: U+0061
ä: U+0061, U+0308  // LATIN SMALL LETTER A + COMBINING DIAERESIS
b: U+0062

and therefore "a" < "ä" < "b".

For more details and examples, see What does it mean that string and character comparisons in Swift are not locale-sensitive?

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