How to add property-level Attribute to the TypeDescriptor at runtime?

Unlike others have suggested, it’s quite possible, and also not that hard. For example, you want to add some new attributes to some properties, which you can select at runtime based on some criteria.

There’re two helper classes we’ll need to implement this.

First goes PropertyOverridingTypeDescriptor, it allows us to supply our own property descriptors for some properties, while keeping others intact:

public class PropertyOverridingTypeDescriptor : CustomTypeDescriptor
    {
        private readonly Dictionary<string, PropertyDescriptor> overridePds = new Dictionary<string, PropertyDescriptor>();

        public PropertyOverridingTypeDescriptor(ICustomTypeDescriptor parent)
            : base(parent)
        { }

        public void OverrideProperty(PropertyDescriptor pd)
        {
            overridePds[pd.Name] = pd;
        }

        public override object GetPropertyOwner(PropertyDescriptor pd)
        {
            object o = base.GetPropertyOwner(pd);

            if (o == null)
            {
                return this;
            }

            return o;
        }

        public PropertyDescriptorCollection GetPropertiesImpl(PropertyDescriptorCollection pdc)
        {
            List<PropertyDescriptor> pdl = new List<PropertyDescriptor>(pdc.Count+1);

            foreach (PropertyDescriptor pd in pdc)
            {
                if (overridePds.ContainsKey(pd.Name))
                {
                    pdl.Add(overridePds[pd.Name]);
                }
                else
                {
                    pdl.Add(pd);
                }
            }

            PropertyDescriptorCollection ret = new PropertyDescriptorCollection(pdl.ToArray());

            return ret;
        }

        public override PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties()
        {
            return GetPropertiesImpl(base.GetProperties());
        }
        public override PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(Attribute[] attributes)
        {
            return GetPropertiesImpl(base.GetProperties(attributes));
        }
    }

Few remarks:

• Constructor takes ICustomTypeDescriptor, no worries here, we can get one for any type or it’s instance with the TypeDescriptor.GetProvider(_settings).GetTypeDescriptor(_settings) where _settings can be either Type or object of that type.
• OverrideProperty does just what we need, more on it later.

The other class we need is the TypeDescriptionProvider that will return our custom type descriptor instead of the default one. Here it is:

public class TypeDescriptorOverridingProvider : TypeDescriptionProvider
    {
        private readonly ICustomTypeDescriptor ctd;

        public TypeDescriptorOverridingProvider(ICustomTypeDescriptor ctd)
        {
            this.ctd = ctd;
        }

        public override ICustomTypeDescriptor GetTypeDescriptor (Type objectType, object instance)
        {
            return ctd;
        }
    }

Fairly simple: you just supply the type descriptor instance on construction and here you go.

And finally, processing code. For example, we want all properties ending with ConnectionString in our object (or type) _settings to be editable with the System.Web.UI.Design.ConnectionStringEditor. To achieve that, we can use this code:

// prepare our property overriding type descriptor
PropertyOverridingTypeDescriptor ctd = new PropertyOverridingTypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.GetProvider(_settings).GetTypeDescriptor(_settings));

// iterate through properies in the supplied object/type
foreach (PropertyDescriptor pd in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(_settings))
{
    // for every property that complies to our criteria
    if (pd.Name.EndsWith("ConnectionString"))
    {
        // we first construct the custom PropertyDescriptor with the TypeDescriptor's
        // built-in capabilities
        PropertyDescriptor pd2 =
            TypeDescriptor.CreateProperty(
                _settings.GetType(), // or just _settings, if it's already a type
                pd, // base property descriptor to which we want to add attributes
                    // The PropertyDescriptor which we'll get will just wrap that
                    // base one returning attributes we need.
                new EditorAttribute( // the attribute in question
                    typeof (System.Web.UI.Design.ConnectionStringEditor),
                    typeof (System.Drawing.Design.UITypeEditor)
                )
                // this method really can take as many attributes as you like,
                // not just one
            );

        // and then we tell our new PropertyOverridingTypeDescriptor to override that property
        ctd.OverrideProperty(pd2);
    }
}

// then we add new descriptor provider that will return our descriptor instead of default
TypeDescriptor.AddProvider(new TypeDescriptorOverridingProvider(ctd), _settings);

That’s it, now all properties ending with ConnectionString will be editable through ConnectionStringEditor.

As you can see, we just override some functionality of the default implementation every time, so the system should be fairly stable and behave as expected.