How to add second x-axis at the bottom of the first one in matplotlib.?

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As an alternative to the answer from @DizietAsahi, you can use spines in a similar way to the matplotlib example posted here.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax2 = ax1.twiny()

# Add some extra space for the second axis at the bottom
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2)

X = np.linspace(0,1,1000)
Y = np.cos(X*20)

ax1.plot(X,Y)
ax1.set_xlabel(r"Original x-axis: $X$")

new_tick_locations = np.array([.2, .5, .9])

def tick_function(X):
    V = 1/(1+X)
    return ["%.3f" % z for z in V]

# Move twinned axis ticks and label from top to bottom
ax2.xaxis.set_ticks_position("bottom")
ax2.xaxis.set_label_position("bottom")

# Offset the twin axis below the host
ax2.spines["bottom"].set_position(("axes", -0.15))

# Turn on the frame for the twin axis, but then hide all 
# but the bottom spine
ax2.set_frame_on(True)
ax2.patch.set_visible(False)

# as @ali14 pointed out, for python3, use this
# for sp in ax2.spines.values():
# and for python2, use this
for sp in ax2.spines.itervalues():
    sp.set_visible(False)
ax2.spines["bottom"].set_visible(True)

ax2.set_xticks(new_tick_locations)
ax2.set_xticklabels(tick_function(new_tick_locations))
ax2.set_xlabel(r"Modified x-axis: $1/(1+X)$")
plt.show()

enter image description here

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