How to catch a specific SqlException error?

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The SqlException has a Number property that you can check. For duplicate error the number is 2601.

catch (SqlException e)
{
   switch (e.Number)
   {
      case 2601:
         // Do something.
         break;
      default:
         throw;
   }
 }

To get a list of all SQL errors from you server, try this:

 SELECT * FROM sysmessages

Update

This can now be simplified in C# 6.0

catch (SqlException e) when (e.Number == 2601)
{
   // Do something.
}

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