How to check if a program is run in Bash on Ubuntu on Windows and not just plain Ubuntu?

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The following works in bash on Windows 10, macOS, and Linux:

#!/bin/bash
set -e
if grep -qEi "(Microsoft|WSL)" /proc/version &> /dev/null ; then
    echo "Windows 10 Bash"
else
    echo "Anything else"
fi

You need to check for both “Microsoft” and “WSL” per this comment by Ben Hillis, WSL Developer:

For the time being this is probably the best way to do it. I can’t
promise that we’ll never change the content of these ProcFs files, but
I think it’s unlikely we’ll change it to something that doesn’t
contain “Microsoft” or “WSL”.

/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease
/proc/version

And case shall be ignored for grep. In WSL2, /proc/version gives lowercased microsoft.

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