How to determine if date is a weekend or not (not using lubridate)

You can use the base R function weekdays().

x <- seq(Sys.Date() - 10, Sys.Date(), by = 1)
weekdays(x, abbr = TRUE)
# [1] "Wed" "Thu" "Fri" "Sat" "Sun" "Mon" "Tue" "Wed" "Thu" "Fri" "Sat"
x[grepl("S(at|un)", weekdays(x))]
# [1] "2014-10-11" "2014-10-12" "2014-10-18"

As far as lubridate goes, wday() has a label argument. When set to TRUE, the (abbreviated) day names are returned instead of numbers. Use the abbr argument to change to full names.

library(lubridate)
wday(x, label = TRUE)
# [1] Wed   Thurs Fri   Sat   Sun   Mon   Tues  Wed   Thurs Fri   Sat  
# Levels: Sun < Mon < Tues < Wed < Thurs < Fri < Sat

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