How to get row count using ResultSet in Java?

If you have access to the prepared statement that results in this resultset, you can use

connection.prepareStatement(sql, 
  ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, 
  ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);

This prepares your statement in a way that you can rewind the cursor. This is also documented in the ResultSet Javadoc

In general, however, forwarding and rewinding cursors may be quite inefficient for large result sets. Another option in SQL Server would be to calculate the total number of rows directly in your SQL statement:

SELECT my_table.*, count(*) over () total_rows
FROM my_table
WHERE ...

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