You can group on any array/Series of the same length as your DataFrame — even a computed factor that’s not actually a column of the DataFrame. So to group by minute you can do:
df.groupby(df.index.map(lambda t: t.minute))
If you want to group by minute and something else, just mix the above with the column you want to use:
df.groupby([df.index.map(lambda t: t.minute), 'Source'])
Personally I find it useful to just add columns to the DataFrame to store some of these computed things (e.g., a “Minute” column) if I want to group by them often, since it makes the grouping code less verbose.
Or you could try something like this:
df.groupby([df['Source'],pd.TimeGrouper(freq='Min')])