How to implement timeout for function in c++

You can create a separate thread to run the call itself, and wait on a condition variable back in your main thread which will be signalled by the thread doing the call to f once it returns. The trick is to wait on the condition variable with your 1s timeout, so that if the call takes longer than the timeout you will still wake up, know about it, and be able to throw the exception – all in the main thread. Here is the code (live demo here):

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

int f()
{
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(10s); //change value here to less than 1 second to see Success
    return 1;
}

int f_wrapper()
{
    std::mutex m;
    std::condition_variable cv;
    int retValue;

    std::thread t([&cv, &retValue]() 
    {
        retValue = f();
        cv.notify_one();
    });

    t.detach();

    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(m);
        if(cv.wait_for(l, 1s) == std::cv_status::timeout) 
            throw std::runtime_error("Timeout");
    }

    return retValue;    
}

int main()
{
    bool timedout = false;
    try {
        f_wrapper();
    }
    catch(std::runtime_error& e) {
        std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
        timedout = true;
    }

    if(!timedout)
        std::cout << "Success" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}