How to set the JSTL variable value in javascript?

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It is not possible because they are executed in different environments (JSP at server side, JavaScript at client side). So they are not executed in the sequence you see in your code.

var val1 = document.getElementById('userName').value; 

<c:set var="user" value=""/>  // how do i set val1 here?

Here JSTL code is executed at server side and the server sees the JavaScript/Html codes as simple texts. The generated contents from JSTL code (if any) will be rendered in the resulting HTML along with your other JavaScript/HTML codes. Now the browser renders HTML along with executing the Javascript codes. Now remember there is no JSTL code available for the browser.

Now for example,

<script type="text/javascript">
<c:set var="message" value="Hello"/> 
var message="<c:out value="${message}"/>";
</script>

Now for the browser, this content is rendered,

<script type="text/javascript">
var message="Hello";
</script>

Hope this helps.

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