Yes, you can
<style name="YOURSTYLE.PopupMenu" parent="Widget.AppCompat.PopupMenu">
<item name="android:textColor">@android:color/white</item>
<item name="android:itemBackground">@android:color/holo_red_light</item>
</style>
And
Context wrapper = new ContextThemeWrapper(this, R.style.YOURSTYLE_PopupMenu);
PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(wrapper, view);
Result