In PHP, how does include() exactly work?

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See the manual.

If you include a text file, it will show as text in the document.

include does not behave like copy-paste:

test.php

<?php
echo '**';
$test="test";
include 'test.txt';
echo '**';
?>

test.txt

echo $test;

The example above will output:

**echo $test;**

If you are going to include PHP files, you still need to have the PHP tags <?php and ?>.

Also, normally parentheses are not put after include, like this:

include 'test.php';

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