In scala 2 or 3, is it possible to debug implicit resolution process in runtime?

You can debug implicits at compile time:

1. switch on compiler flag -Xlog-implicits

2. try to resolve implicits manually (maybe specifying type parameters as well) and see compile errors

    implicitly[...](...manually...)
   

3. use scala.reflect

    println(reify { implicitly[...] }.tree)
   

   (or switch on compiler flag -Xprint:typer) in order to see how implicits are resolved

4. use IDE functionality to show implicits

5. using macros with compiler internals you can debug implicit resolution

Is there a type-class that checks for existence of at least one implicit of a type?

create an ambiguous low priority implicit

Using the “Prolog in Scala” to find available type class instances

Finding the second matching implicit

shapeless/package.scala#L119-L168 (def cachedImplicitImpl[T](implicit tTag: WeakTypeTag[T]): Tree = ...)

If you’re developing a type class don’t forget to use annotations @implicitNotFound and @implicitAmbiguous.

---

You can always postpone compilation of your program till runtime. So instead of program

object App {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    println("test") // test
  }
}

you can have

import scala.reflect.runtime.currentMirror
import scala.reflect.runtime.universe._
import scala.tools.reflect.ToolBox
val toolbox = currentMirror.mkToolBox()

toolbox.eval(q"""
  object App {
    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
      println("test")
    }
  }

  App.main(Array())
""") // test

And instead of

implicitly[Numeric[Int]]

you can have

toolbox.compile(q"""
  implicitly[Numeric[Int]]
""")

or

toolbox.inferImplicitValue(
  toolbox.typecheck(tq"Numeric[Int]", mode = toolbox.TYPEmode).tpe, 
  silent = false
)

But it’s too optimistic to think that postponing program compilation till runtime you’ll be able to debug implicits easier at runtime rather than at compile time. Actually postponing program compilation till runtime you add one level of indirection more i.e. make things harder to debug.