Is it possible (and safe) to make an accepting socket non-blocking?

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No idea about Windows, but the behavior you want is guaranteed by POSIX:

If the listen queue is empty of connection requests and O_NONBLOCK is not set on the file descriptor for the socket, accept() shall block until a connection is present. If the listen() queue is empty of connection requests and O_NONBLOCK is set on the file descriptor for the socket, accept() shall fail and set errno to [EAGAIN] or [EWOULDBLOCK].

Source: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/accept.html

Also, select or poll can be used to check for incoming connections by polling for the listening socket in the reading set.

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