Is the operand of `sizeof` evaluated with a VLA?

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Yes, this causes undefined behaviour.

In N1570 6.5.3.4/2 we have:

The sizeof operator yields the size (in bytes) of its operand, which may be an
expression or the parenthesized name of a type. The size is determined from the type of the operand. The result is an integer. If the type of the operand is a variable length array type, the operand is evaluated; otherwise, the operand is not evaluated and the result is an integer constant.

Now we have the question: is the type of *bar a variable length array type?

Since bar is declared as pointer to VLA, dereferencing it should yield a VLA. (But I do not see concrete text specifying whether or not it does).

Note: Further discussion could be had here, perhaps it could be argued that *bar has type double[100] which is not a VLA.

Supposing we agree that the type of *bar is actually a VLA type, then in sizeof *bar, the expression *bar is evaluated.

bar is indeterminate at this point. Now looking at 6.3.2.1/1:

if an lvalue does not designate an object when it is evaluated, the
behavior is undefined

Since bar does not point to an object (by virtue of being indeterminate), evaluating *bar causes undefined behaviour.

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