I am using your code to go in sub folders with adding lines:
Uri childrenUri;
try {
//for childs and sub child dirs
childrenUri = DocumentsContract.buildChildDocumentsUriUsingTree(uri, DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri));
} catch (Exception e) {
// for parent dir
childrenUri = DocumentsContract.buildChildDocumentsUriUsingTree(uri, DocumentsContract.getTreeDocumentId(uri));
}