s="Time:"Last 7 Days" Time:"Last 30 Days""
s.match(/(?:[^\s"]+|"[^"]*")+/g)
// -> ['Time:"Last 7 Days"', 'Time:"Last 30 Days"']
Explained:
(?: # non-capturing group
[^\s"]+ # anything that's not a space or a double-quote
| # or…
" # opening double-quote
[^"]* # …followed by zero or more chacacters that are not a double-quote
" # …closing double-quote
)+ # each match is one or more of the things described in the group
Turns out, to fix your original expression, you just need to add a +
on the group:
str.match(/(".*?"|[^"\s]+)+(?=\s*|\s*$)/g)
# ^ here.