jQuery mobile is locked to some versions of jQuery! You will find a text of
jQuery Mobile 1.3.0 supports versions of jQuery core 1.7.2 – 1.9.1 and
we’re actively testing the upcoming 2.0 version too. We will be
keeping in sync with their releases to let you take full advantage of
the new goodness.
UPDATE
jQuery mobile now works with 2.x versions too, though version 3 still returns the mentioned error.