List.Add() thread safety

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Behind the scenes lots of things happen, including reallocating buffers and copying elements. That code will cause danger. Very simply, there are no atomic operations when adding to a list, at the least the “Length” property needs to be updates, and item needs to be put in at the right location, and (if there’s a separate variable) the index needs to be updated. Multiple threads can trample over each other. And if a grow is required then there is lots more going on. If something is writing to a list nothing else should be reading or writing to it.

In .NET 4.0 we have concurrent collections, which are handily threadsafe and don’t require locks.

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