You are trying to unpivot the data. MySQL does not have an unpivot function, so you will have to use a UNION ALL
query to convert the columns into rows:
select id, 'a' col, a value
from yourtable
union all
select id, 'b' col, b value
from yourtable
union all
select id, 'c' col, c value
from yourtable
See SQL Fiddle with Demo.
This can also be done using a CROSS JOIN
:
select t.id,
c.col,
case c.col
when 'a' then a
when 'b' then b
when 'c' then c
end as data
from yourtable t
cross join
(
select 'a' as col
union all select 'b'
union all select 'c'
) c