This should do in modern browsers:
function contains(selector, text) {
var elements = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
return [].filter.call(elements, function(element){
return RegExp(text).test(element.textContent);
});
}
Then use it like so:
contains('p', 'world'); // find "p" that contain "world"
contains('p', /^world/); // find "p" that start with "world"
contains('p', /world$/i); // find "p" that end with "world", case-insensitive
...